How important are Dreams in the novel “Of Mice Of Men” Essay

In the novel ‘Of Mice Of Men’ there are many themes which set aside the characters from others, however all of them have one thing in common-they all have dreams. Lennie and George share a dream of owning there own land and later on Candy wants to join them. This shows that everyone in the novel needs dreams to keep them going through life. This shows that the title question applies greatly because dreams keep the novel moving along and make the novel interesting. Everyone has needs but everyone also has wants. All the themes in ‘of mice of men’ contribute towards everyone’s loneliness and then making everyone dependent on dreams. The novel is set in the time of the depression in 1930s America so there is much loneliness which makes people think of dreams. Because of the depression there weren’t many jobs around so there were a lot of migrant workers. These workers travelled all over America to find jobs. Because they travelled a lot they were not able to make any friends, which would make them lonely. This would cause them to have dreams and to constantly think about them whenever they’re lonely. Because depression is around poverty is also present. Dreams always come up in conversations, especially Lennie’s conversations. Lennie is the one who brings up the subject all the time, ‘An live off the fatta the lan.’ Lennie always talks about caring for rabbits, ‘An have Rabbits.’ Sexism is also linked in with dreams because Curley’s wife has a dream of becoming a Hollywood movie star. She is the only woman on the ranch and gets lonely because she has no one to talk to. She has her dreams to overcome her loneliness and she has something to hope and look forward to. Ageism is another factor, which affects dreams because Crooks is old and disabled. Crooks is jealous that George and Lennie have each other to go around. Crooks is alone and gets lonely but Lennie and George can always speak to each other. They all need dreams to cover up their loneliness. They all can think and imagine their dreams. Dreams will make the characters happy and forget about everything else. This is why it is an important theme because it effects all the characters. George and Lennie are the main characters who are not alone and share a dream of owning a farm. They are the lucky characters. Nearly all of the characters in the novel have a dream. Curley and the Boss don’t seem to have anything. George and Lennie have a dream and have each other to look after. Their dream is to have a house, own a couple of acres of land, a cow and some pigs. Lennies also wants some rabbits. ‘ I ain’t no people†¦ I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone. That ain’t no good.’ This quote shows us that George likes having Lennie around him otherwise he would be lonely like the other ranch workers. The relationship between George and Lennie is sacred because they are more than just friends. Both George and Lennie share the same dream and this makes them more alike because they want the same things. George is a clever, stocky man and Lennie is a gentle giant who can lift heavy objects on his own. They both care about each other because they have been together for a while. George does feel sorry for Lennie but he does sometimes wishes that Lennie wasn’t with him because he drags George down by being mentally challenged. Lennie does say that he can go away onto the mountains, but George doesn’t want to hurt his feelings or make him feel pain in any way. He also feels that he wouldn’t be able take care of himself in the mountains. Lennie is very dependent on George for things and George also depends on Lennie for companionship. Candy has also had a dream of owning a farm where he can be useful again. Candy in very interested in George and Lennie’s dream and thinks it can all really work out because they all have each other and they would nearly have enough money to buy a farm because of Candy’s extra 350 dollars. â€Å"Tell you what – He leaned forward eagerly. ‘S’spose I went in with you guys. Tha’s three hundred an’ fifty bucks I’d put in.† George and Lennie are very tempted at this offer because it would mean their dream would finally come true. Candy has to have dreams because he has no one to talk to after Carlson shot his dog, † If you want me to, I’ll put the old devil out of his misery right now and get it over with.† Candy’s dog helped him through life because he was lonely and now that he’s dead he needs a dream to look forward to and hope for. That’s why he wants to join with Lennie and George. Candy is old and disabled so he is lonely, which restricts him to doing certain things which makes him lonely. Most of the characters want there dream to come true and then they want to relax in it. Curley’s wife also has a dream of becoming a Hollywood movie star. She wants to become an actress and become famous, but we soon know this doesn’t come true, in fact the death of Curley’s wife brings an end to all dreams in the novel because of how the death happened with Lennie. Curley’s wife is lonely because she has no one to talk too because there are no other women on the ranch and Curley just tells her to be quiet and go back inside the ranch. Curley’s wife plays around and flirts with others to get attention, this attraction was fatal between herself and Lennie and ended her dream of being an actress. Curley’s wife spends a lot of time on her own, hence the need for dreams in her life. She is unhappy with her ranch life and wants a Hollywood life. Since she has nothing to do she gets involved with other characters like George and Lennie which trigger off serious incidents that later happen. Curley’s wife relates to the theme of sexism in the 1930’s. She is treated unfairly by her husband and cannot do any work on the ranch to keep herself occupied because she is a women. The other ranch workers think and have dreams because they are very lonely because at that time when Steinbeck wrote the novel the depression was happening. This meant that workers had to travel around America looking for jobs. This made them very lonely and they thought of the same dreams as George and Lennie but we never experienced any come true in the novel. They have nothing to do and so they just read comics and imagine how they would like their own farm. All the characters have fantasies and live a life in their dreams. In â€Å"Of Mice Of Men† dreams are never achieved because of the circumstances. It is Curley’s wife who puts all stops to dreams and makes George realise that Lennie is no longer useful to him. George feels that nothing will ever be achieved with Lennie around because he will always keep you back because of his childlike manners and actions. Dreams are never achieved at the time all of the characters are set in. Nothing is settled in the 1930’s as the depression has happened. Any character who seems to have a dream seems to get himself into trouble. The relationship between George and Lennie was perfect for a dream to come true, but if only Lennies simpleness did not mean his strength was uncontrollable. If Curley’s wife didn’t flirt with Lennie he would have been ok. Lennie got too nervous that’s why he ended up killing Curley’s wife when she screamed. Dreams are also never achieved because of each of the characters themselves. For example: how Curley acts. If Curley wasn’t such a mean person George might not have killed Lennie. Dreams are very important to the plot â€Å"Of Mice Of Men.† Dreams are what carry people on from their loneliness and there bad times. Dreams are needed for every character who is lonely. When a character in â€Å"Of Mice of Men† gets lonely he/she thinks about a dream which they want to come true. With dreams characters can imagine anything they want to and this will keep them happy if nothing else does. Steinbeck is saying that anybody can get lonely and unhappy sometimes but anyone can have dreams to help them through bad times, it just depends on how deeply that lonely person can imagine there dreams.

Outline the current policies and legislation relating to children Essay

There are many policies and procedures within the UK that outline the current legislation and guidelines to help with safeguarding children:- United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989. This law ensures that children are safe and looked after. It states that children have the right to be protected from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse by those looking after them. This law spells out the basic human rights of every child and it sets standards in health care, education, and legal, civil and social services. The Children Act 1989. Under this law parents and professionals must work to ensure the safety of the child and the welfare of the child is paramount with regard to their upbringing. It also identifies what local authorities and courts must do in order to protect a child’s welfare. If an authority suspects that a child is suffering or likely to suffer significant harm, they have a duty to investigate because every child has a right to protection from abuse and exploitation. A main principal in this act was that children are better off being looked after by their family. The Protection of Children Act 1999 is the law that ensures nobody unsuitable to work with children is employed in a position that involves regular contact with children whether it be paid or unpaid. The secretary of state has a duty to record the names of anyone unsuitable to work with children. Its main aim being to prevent paedophiles working with children and a childcare employer must carry out certain checks through the criminals record bureau before employing a person. Any childcare organisation in England & Wales must has a duty to inform the Department of Health if they suspect the harming of a child. The Education Act 2002 sets out the responsibilities of Local Education Authorities, Governing Bodies, head teachers and all those working in school to ensure that children are safe and free from harm. Children Act 2004. This provides the legal framework for Every Child Matters. That every child : be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well being. It includes provisions about private fostering, child minding and adoption review panels. The Act also updates the legislation on physical punishment by making it an offence to hit a child if it causes them mental harm or leaves a mark on the skin. Childcare Act 2006 is the first act designed solely to deal with early years and childcare. It sets out the duties of organisations such as local authorities and how they must work together to safeguard children and young people. Further legislation include the Sexual Offences Act 2003 which was introduced to update the legislation relating to offences against children and includes offences committed abroad by British Citizens. This act updated the Sex Offenders Act 1997 to strengthen the monitoring of those on the sex offenders register. The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 was introduced to create a new offence of causing or allowing the death of a child or vulnerable adult. This meant that a member of the household, aware that a child is at risk, could be held responsible

Managing ressources and operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing ressources and operations - Essay Example Recently, in some studies regarding the demand of consumers for durable goods (Goeree, 2008 and Kim et al., 2009) and non-durable goods (Bruno and Vilcassim, 2008) it was found that while purchasing the goods be it a vehicle as well, consumers consider two aspects i.e. search cost and account travel. Most important factor according to Bucklin et al. (2008) that is considered by the customers is the cost and safety of SUVs. Bucklin et al. (2008) in their study concluded that the car manufacturers need to ensure that their production facilities are in low cost areas so that they are able to manufacture cars at reasonable prices. PPQ parts are planning to do expansion in other countries so that it can provide service to other markets and earn more profits. Currently, the company has profit margin rate of 6% which is on the same level as industry average. In order to help the company expand by following the right strategy, it is suggested that it starts its production in developing country such as China and try to capture SUVs market share in other countries. In order to expand in other countries, it is vital for PPQ parts to do its external analysis so that it has an idea about the hurdles that it might encounter while expansion. The factors that are most likely to impact the production and sales of SUVs are economic, political, social, cultural and environmental factors of the countries. 1. China political environment is very stable and the government encourages foreign companies to set up their facilities in the county. The government also gives grants to the foreign investors so that both the countries get benefited from the investment. However, Chinese government imposes some regulations that the company employs more than 30% of their local residents and the company will have to comply with some rules and regulations. 2. Since

Current Issues in Business Ethics and CSR Essay

Current Issues in Business Ethics and CSR - Essay Example See the comments alongside the text for detail about course material that really would have been useful support for points you make. You also throw away 10% of the marks available by not writing a self-reflection on your class group presentation. Of the 60 or so students on the module you are just about the only one not to submit a self-reflection- why? "This feedback is being given for purposes of advice and guidance and to assist your learning and development in this module. References to standards or marks are entirely provisional and subject to confirmation following University procedures. Only University Assessment Boards are able to issue confirmed, definitive marks† â€Å"The problem with sweatshops is that there are not enough of them†(Jeffrey Sachs â€Å"The End of Poverty†). In light of the Rana Plaza Bangladesh sweatshop fire that killed 1,100 people (2013) is it wrong to love sweatshops? Business ethics involves the concept of social responsibility towards the stakeholders. The stakeholders include the investors, customers, workforce, and government. They are those people who are involved in the corporate processes and also are impacted from the corporate decisions and any changes that happen in the corporate. Corporate stakeholders are also those people who can affect the corporate decisions and functioning as well (Werther & Chandler et al, 2010). Stakeholders, especially the workforce needs to be given equal opportunities and their rights must not be violated. The workforce drives the corporate functions, especially the people that work in the lower classes as in sweatshops. These groups of people follow orders and work for the production of goods for the company functioning for long hours in a day. The stakeholders of a company need to be satisfied and their demands have to met at all times (Werther & Chandler et al, 2010). This is because as mentioned earlier t hey are very

Evaluate one aspect of care that you have experienced during the Essay

Evaluate one aspect of care that you have experienced during the course that has changed since you left Nursing Practice in 1999. The practice of urinary cathet - Essay Example Urinary tract infection related to the use of urinary catheter is often associated with the increase rate of morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. (Tal et al., 2005) Therefore, it is necessary for health care professionals to continuously improve the hospice and palliative care. To enable the readers to fully understand the subject matter, a list of related definition of words will be provided followed by discussing the main purpose of urinary catheterization and evaluating the impact of using urinary catheter on terminally ill patients who are admitted in a hospice environment. As part of evaluating the practice of using urinary catheter on terminally ill patients, a literature review will be gathered to examine the health benefits of using urinary catheter in terms of promoting dignity and comfort on terminally ill patients. Contrary to the health benefits of using the practice of catheterization, the associated risks of infection and ways to prevent infection among the patients will be thoroughly discussed prior to conclusion. Hospice Care – special care given to terminally ill patients which aims to improve the quality of life by relieving their pain and other symptoms during the last few days in a person’s life. (Avert, 2009a) Overactive bladder (OAB) – â€Å"a form of urinary incontinence in which sudden, involuntary contractions of the muscle surrounding the bladder produce an urgent need to urinate – often so sudden that the person with the condition is unable to make it to the bathroom in time (a condition known as urge incontinence)† (UCLA, 2009). There are a lot of urinary problems which normally occurs when a person reaches the old age. In some cases, illnesses and physical injuries may also contribute to urinary problems. In general, â€Å"the human organs, tubes, muscles, and nerves function together in

Compare and contrast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare and contrast - Research Paper Example â€Å"A Hungry Artist† is another globally acclaimed short story written by Franz Kafka about two decades after Chekhov’s The Lady with the Dog and describes what the nature of an individual’s life is in very troublesome circumstances. The artist in the story is victimized by the society in which he lives and Kafka through creating this unique character adeptly explores the themes of isolation and deteriorated human relationships and how they influence a person’s actions. In this essay, I plan to compare and contrast â€Å"The Lady with the Dog† and â€Å"A Hungry Artist† on the basis of the themes of social isolation, victimization, and corrupted human relationships. Gurov, a Russian banker, is introduced by Chekhov as a very unhappy and unfaithful husband who is deeply dissatisfied by his marital life and frequently cheats on his wife. By having affairs with other women, he corrupts the relationship he has with his wife. Though despising al l women in general, Gurov has a strange yet very refreshing encounter with an unfamiliar lady named Anna while vacationing in Yalta. Like every time before, Gurov intends to only have a short lasting affair with the woman and then simply part ways in order to save his reputation and protect himself from social condemnation. However, this time things take a different turn and Anna develops emotional feelings for Gurov. They start an affair spending most of their time in Yalta together and taking long drives. All of this continues while Anna’s husband is also expected to arrive in Yalta which stresses on the inevitable human need to connect with someone under whatever circumstances and how a person could sometimes be left so isolated and starving in a relationship that he/she would seek whatever means to fulfill that hunger. The threat of community rejection and social condemnation is always there for both Gurov and Anna but dissatisfaction in their respective marriages is a hu ge motivating factor for continuing the affair. Both characters’ reputations and marriages are at risk and social rejection is in itself a huge devastating consequence. Still, they cross all social barriers to indulge in a sense of closeness. Unlike other women in Gurov’s past with whom he has had affairs, Anna excites him with sadness and innocence in her character which he finds very difference and intoxicating even. Chekhov emphasizes Gurov's yearning with acute intelligence by expressing that â€Å"she, this little woman, in no way remarkable, lost in a provincial crowd, with a vulgar lornette in her hand, filled his whole life now, was his sorrow and his joy. He thought and dreamed† (Research Matic). Other women that Gurov has ever known have no trace of innocence in them but Anna is the only woman in his life who manages to really excite his desires and attract him towards herself. After arriving back in Moscow, Gurov’s idea that his memories of Ann a will soon fade out by immersing himself in daily work routine does not remain successful. This is because his marriage brings him no happiness and only serves to foster the sense of loneliness which secretly gnaws at his heart every moment of his life. Anna’s company in contrast seems to be the perfect antidote for all the emptiness inside him yet it is fraught with the threat of social victimization and

Organizational Design & Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Design & Behavior - Essay Example In situations wherein the crowding increases in the jails it may be difficult to oversee the system as a whole. As such it becomes necessary that a comprehensive review and overhaul of the complete organizational set up of the country’s criminal justice system is performed in order to correctly assess the situation and suggest changes that can offer more viable solutions. A closer look at the existing system will indicate that it is managed in relatively more complex manner as there are many layers of management. Multiple layers of management therefore create strong chances that the overall fixation of responsibilities and accountabilities remain a challenge. In order to overcome the situation and deal with the overcrowding problem, it is therefore necessary that the organizational restructuring is done. In order to overcome the situation, it is important that a comprehensive overhaul of the existing organizational set up is undertaken. The current system is multi-layered in nature it is therefore important that few layers are removed in order to make the system leaner and more flexible to adapt to the different challenges including that of over-crowding. It is important that the number of correctional institutions must be increased in order to successfully negotiate with the over-crowding problems. Increasing the number of institutions will therefore allow the country to develop a system which can accommodate the unexpected number of new entrants and as such can manage the overcrowding problem with relative ease and with minimum management burden. It is important that number of correctional programs shall be increased so that the recurring incidences do not take place. Proper and more adaptive correctional programs may help the jail inhabitants to become more responsible and mature citizens and do not engage themselves into kind of activities which can bring them back into the jails for minor or major crimes. The above

A+ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A+ - Assignment Example Perceived obsolescence is a concept which means that something has seemingly gone out of style but it has not yet. In other words, basically recycling should be planned obsolescence, because as we become a garbageless society the recycling system will be perceived obsolescence and recognized as such within society, without a doubt. These are real concepts. Recycling only comparmentalizes garbage. We have increasing amounts of recyclable garbage to compartmentalize and reuse, threfore we must realize that when we â€Å"throw away,† there is no away, per se. The garbage is either being added to the amount of recyclable garbage in circulation or is added to the landfills. 4. Since we â€Å"cannot run a linear system on a finite planet indefinitely,† what is the solution if we are to become a sustainable society? Another way to say this is you can’t have unlimited economic growth with limited resources. If we become a sustainable society, we will be far less wasteful as a society. Once our resources become scarce, we are going to have difficulty finding new revenue sources. The problem is, we can no longer depend on foreign oil to help our livelihood. The economy will not recover if we consistently fail to use our resources wisely. So, in effect, we must galvanize as a nation in order to use them with caution and very sparingly. In order to accomplish this we must reign in our spending and not make waste and increase revenue. We need to ensure that the economic system is sustainable environmentally, if that makes sense. Our policies should reflect ecological realities. The biological systems on which we depend should be supported by policies. If they are not, we will have future problems for sure. The political action groups (PACs) that lobby Congress must â€Å"go green† and become environmentally conscious and savvy and â€Å"in the know† about what we are doing to our environment.

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

International Business Strategy - Essay Example Audi has been recording impressive growth in revenues and profitability due to its aggressive international expansion strategy that aims at attaining a global market leadership luxury vehicle market (Majaro, 2012, p 56). For instance, Audi recorded 4,440 million Euros in profits which were an increase of almost 69 percent of the previous year performance (Majaro, 2012, p 110). The paper will assess the international business strategy of Audi over the past five years and highlight the past failures and successes of the company. The paper will conduct as PESTLE analysis of the international markets of operation and identify how Audi has succeeded in effectively marketing its products in the international market. The paper will also assess the resource capability and competitive strengths of Audi in its international business strategy. International business strategy for the last five years Audi has followed a long-term expansion plan in to emerging markets for the last five years. The marketing strategies entail development of new markets and expansion of the existing European markets. Audi has relied on superior manufacturing technology in order to increase its market presence in emerging markets such as China and India (Majaro, 2012,p 45). Audi has also standardized its products across all the markets. Audi has invested heavily in development of Eastern Europe markets such as Russia and Latin America markets such Brazil and Mexico that will offer additional revenues and reduce the business risks in the European market. The rapid economic development in the emerging markets offers vital business opportunities for Audi especially Chinese and Indian markets that have witnessed high growth in industrialisation and high direct foreign investments. Global manufacturing and exportation Lock (2003) asserts that Audi deals with luxury-oriented car brands and has maintained sophisticated manufacturing technology in its international business strategy (p 90). Audi constan tly depend high quality cars that are fuel-conserving in order to offer the customers advanced and modern driving experience that resonates with the target market expectations (Peng, 2009, p 110). For Audi’s IngoLstadt plant produces the A3, A4 and Q5 vehicle models that attract a huge demand in China market. The German manufacturing plant that is based at Neckarsulm manufacturers more advanced cars such as the A7, A8, RS6 and R8 models that are innovative and have high performance-levels. In addition, Audi relies on the Gyor plant that is located in Hungary to manufacture the Audi’s engines for the small car line such as Audi TT and Audi TT roadster. Audi has also expanded its manufacturing centers to China and has established a manufacturing center at Changchun that mainly produced the car models that are desired by the local market such as A6L and Q5 vehicles. Surprisingly, Audi expanded further in the European market through establishing new plants in Spain where t he Q3 model is manufactured and sold to the adjacent European countries such as Slovensko. Audi has easy access to manufacturing technology and can convert the raw metal materials in to blank parts through the Audi production systems that improve the quality of the processing process (Loch, 2003, p 223). Audi has also used exportation to enter the international markets such as African countries and Middle East countries.

Oil prices and its effect on the global market Term Paper

Oil prices and its effect on the global market - Term Paper Example The developing countries are heavily dependent on oil exporting countries for their import of petroleum products. So if there is a rise in oil prices only the oil exporting countries benefit while bringing a destructive effect on the developing nations. What really affects the oil prices is the demand and supply of oil which we are going to look into detail later. The global market saw a recent surge in oil prices since the last two years with the most recent rate of today being $124 per barrel (forex.com). It was predicted that the production of crude oil must be increased by the oil producing countries to bring the prices down. The Arab oil exporters held a meeting in early 2011 in Cairo to discuss this issue but refused to increase oil production as they believe that the supply is sufficient in the market. The oil prices rose to $ 94.74 per barrel this year since October 2008 when oil prices were record breaking high. The forecasted trend is an increase in oil prices in the coming weeks touching up to $ 100 a barrel. After the financial crisis of 2008, OPEC or Oil Producing and Exporting Countries decreased their level of output in order to deliberately create a shortage so that prices go up. In 2010, the demand for oil increased and is expected to increase more in 2011. OPEC must release some of their stock and raise the supply of oil or else the prices can rise to unprecedented level of $ 150 per barrel. These unfavorable conditions can lead the world into another crisis. Body: The trading of oil is one of the most significant trading done in the world. Crude oil is a primary ingredient in many energy manufacturing and services industries. I certainly believe that oil should not be treated on the commodity exchange because it can have significant impact on the world economy. So if there is a fluctuation in oil prices it affects oil producers and exporters both. The market price for any product is determined by the demand and supply of it in the market. The desire to want something is defined as demand or when you realize that you want a product, can afford it, and have made a definite plan to buy it. The law of demand means that other things remaining the same, the higher the price of the good, the smaller is the quantity demanded The higher price of any product will reduce the quantity demanded for two reasons. A notable economist, Kotler has found that one of the reason is the substitution effect, that is, when the price of a product rises, other things remaining the same, its opportunity cost rises. Although each good is unique but has its substitutes, for example the substitute of oil in an energy producing plant could be water or solar energy to produce electricity. As the opportunity cost of a product rises, people have a tendency to buy less of that and more of its substitute. Another reason for change in quantity demanded is the income effect. When a price changes and all other influences on buying plans remaining the same, t he price rises relative to people’s incomes. So faces with a higher price and an unchanged income, people cannot afford all the things they previously bought. Subsequently, the demanded quantity reduces. Price has an inverse relationship with demand (Kotler, 2006). A supply is more than just having the resources and the technology to produce something but the

Alternative Beverages Essay Example for Free

Alternative Beverages Essay Alternative beverages competed on the basis of differentiation from traditional drinks such as carbonated soft drinks or fruit juices. The market started out with low competition, however that is rapidly changing as many new product lines enter and profit margins will inevitably suffer from the price reduction. The rest of the beverage industry is faced with low profit margins because of high competition and little ability to differentiate products. The alternative beverage segment help companies to sustain volume growth in mature markets where consumers were reducing their consumption of carbonated soft drinks. Also the alternative beverage industry offered products that catered to different demographics. For example energy drinks were purchased more by teens and young adults while energy shots were bought by adults to get extra boosts of energy during the work day. In addition the vitamin-enhanced drinks and sports drinks went more toward athletes and people who exercised often. This differs from just the usual carbonated soft drinks that people were used to drinking. Now they had products that they could consume for different activities. Demand is expected to grow worldwide as consumer purchasing power is increased and alternative beverages offered profit margins much higher than those of other beverages. One key characteristic in the beverage market was introduction of the energy shots and they were an important growth factor in the industry; the 5 hour energy shot was introduced in 2004 and took the market by storm with its high containments of B6, B12 and caffeine. Competitor’s course introduced energy shots to the market but none have come close to the 5 hour energy shot, with it holding 85% of the market share in 2009.

Curriculum Planning History Essay Example for Free

Curriculum Planning History Essay Introduction Curriculum Planning History has several historical or political occurrences that have mostly influenced current curriculum design through various teaching styles and patterns. Educational communities shape and mold our society and society in turn impacts the curriculum. Majority of all stakeholders speak openly concerning their views today in hopes to persuade legislatures and school officials about decisions going forth or changing within school systems. In the last 10 years some of the most dramatically changes within curriculum in the schools has resulted due to the increasing number of US youth in school, the diversity of the US population, traditional classroom setting activities, increase in pre-kindergarten students beginning school, the likelihood of diminishing smaller schools, minimizing teacher/pupil ratios at a slow pace, technological future: and the future becoming technology, and who is left to teach becomes a critical question. The ELL laws and SIOP have impacted our educational communities’ curriculum development in both negative and positive ways. For example, some of the benefits of SIOP for non-ELL teachers are dramatic increase awareness in professional-development programs on how to teach English-language learners as a plus in the implementation of the law. Nevertheless, the No Child Left Behind Act could be thought of as a disadvantage more than a benefit to English-language learners, this belief is one of the few researchers who have studied the impact that the law has had on instruction. I personally believe in the NCLB Act and I was very much an advocate for the Act when it initially became effective. Also we must acknowledge the â€Å"gifted education† movement and how it identifies with the initial curriculum development both negatively and positively from its first implementations of similar development and specifications. Most Influential Historical/Political Occurrences The melting pot approach has interested educators in the integration of diversity. The melting pot approach was adopted in the 60s and 70s, soon quickly becoming known nationwide in the United States at the same time interacting with similar subjects of various cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds. Metaphoric speaking contents of the potpeople of different cultures, languages and religions are combined so as to lose their distinct identities resulting in a final product that is quite interesting but nothing like the normal consistency at start. Resulting in more multicultural, multiethnic and multi-religious societies it is important that curriculum understands and reflect these changes. As stated by Ornstein and Hunkins (1998), â€Å"the complexion of our students is changing from one colour to various shades of colour and this adding of colour and cultural diversity will continue into the foreseeable future† (p.146). As we continue to research our influential historical and political occurrences we take notice of the world changing into a global village. Society becoming even more diverse as people brings new values and new languages to assist in establishing a new way of life. Then there is the salad bowl approach where diversity is personified individually but all uniquely at the same time. In other words, take for instance the makeup of a salad where all ingredients (diverse backgrounds) maintain their own specific flavors. The salad bowl approach is better representation than the melting pot approach. It is politically correct to assume that Cultural diversity of pluralism demonstrates how most societal beliefs are made up of several voices and various races. This outline allows groups to show good manners and appreciation of each other; coexisting and interacting without issues. Society members usually more committed than not in participating and sharing the lead of power and decision making as history proves with this approach. ELL Laws and SIOP Impact Educators specializing in teaching English-language learners tend to be uncertain about the federal No Child Left Behind Act. Although, most have expressed that the 10-year-old plus law has shown concern for the handling of test results resulting from the criteria spelled out within the NCLB Act. It is evident that the challenges these students face has prompted an  increase in professional development, specifically for mainstream teachers. While acknowledging the ELL Laws are not clear about the instruction being more positive or negative overall. As English-learners’ test scores fall short many believe it is wrong to penalize schools. In addition to reviewing the ELL laws we must address the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol, or SIOP, defined as a model for teaching English and academic content simultaneously. For example, clearly written objectives content, clearly written language objectives, key vocabulary emphasized, various technique concepts usage to stress clarity, and providing many consistent opportunities for interactive teacher/student dialogue encouraging elaborated responses are some examples. For example, SIOP allows a teacher to implement various hands on teaching and training aids that can only assist in teaching the average ELL students at a more rapid pace. â€Å"Gifted Education† Movement Impact The â€Å"Gifted Education† curriculum has impacted education for at least twenty-five years or more with various issues. Therefore implementing and identifying key trends including values and substantial material for the elite, technological subject matter, aspects of creative interactive lesson plans for the academically skilled persons within core subject areas. It is obvious Passow’s flattering article on secondary programming was designed for the gifted student that was justifiably leveled between mental and influential areas. Passow’s model provided answers on creating a guide for tracking implementations and improvements that called for concerns about accepting one’s own beliefs and assisting others who you might not agree with. It was also centered morally and ethically with developmental stages in reality and emphasis on critical thinking and resolving problems, a stress on the liberal arts, and customized choices. Surely, Passow and VanTassel-Baska are advocates for Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate programs. Mentorships, internships, and independent study are all examples of why there is a need for more customized interactions. Conclusion Curriculum Planning History occurrences are dictated by the outcome of present and past societal decisions that have outweighed educational models  and theories across the nation in various educational communities. Curriculum Planning prepares students from past experiences to embrace the now and willingly reaches out and take on the future. In other words, a curriculum needs to address the wants and needs of everyone desiring to resolve social conditions locally, nationally and globally (McNeil, 1995). In the United States the number of school-age students will grow from more than 60 million in 2012 to possibly 80 million in 2050. However, it is extremely critical not to ignore or deny the possibilities the trends reveal. Therefore, we can hope â€Å"Trends† will best serve as a starting point where educators and facilities professionals come together to â€Å"think outside of the box,† to ask â€Å"what if,† to wonder â€Å"why can’t we,† and to â€Å"consider the unconsidered.† Flashing back on Chen, 20110, stating how open discussions of the potential impact of the trends on public education and its school structures will surely emerge new and exciting ideas. Undoubtedly, the roles of all stakeholders will be affected by a changing future. In conclusion, it has been proven that educators and educational specialists do continue to shape diverse futures. As an old favorite African proverb of mine reminds us; Tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today. A Collaborative Curriculum is created and necessary based on the circumstances and beliefs during that period of time. The collaboration is reflective of various political ideologies, societal predictions, divine beliefs and wisdom conceptions at a particular point in time. While there is great advancements in information and communication technology, administrators, teachers and students are expressing and gathering views globally. It has been seen in other school systems and majority of all stakeholders would like to see these practices in their own educational community. References: Ornstein, A. and Hunkins, F. Curriculum: Foundations, principle and issues. (1998). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Chapter 5: Social foundations of curriculum. Passow, A. H. (1986). Curriculum for the gifted and talented at the secondary level. Gifted Child Quarterly, 30, 186-191. [See Vol. 4, p. 103.] Stevenson, K. R., (September 2010). Educational Trends Shaping School Planning, Design, Construction, Funding, and Operation., National Clearing House For Educational Facilities www.files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED539457.pdf Topic 3: Social Foundations of Curriculum peoplelearn.homestead.com/beduc/module_3.social.history.doc VanTassel-Baska, J., Zuo, L., Avery, L. D., Little, C. A. (2002). A curriculum study of gifted-student learning in the language arts. Gifted Child Quarterly, 46(1), 30-44. [See Vol. 5.] VanTassel-Baska, J., (2003). Introduction to Curriculum for Gifted and Talented Students: A 25-Year Retrospective and Prospective. The College of William and Mary.

The Challenges Faced In Employee Motivation Commerce Essay

The Challenges Faced In Employee Motivation Commerce Essay One question that is frequently asked by managers in many organisations is How do I motivate my emloyees? The concept of motivation is complex with numerous researches carried out and various theories put forward in order to explain and attempt to understand it. Many definitions exist for motivation, but the common definition is that motivation is a pychological process within an individual that drives a certain behaviour to achieve set goals. Currently, motivation is a source of frequent debates and is an issue of great significance and concern for both employees and organisations. Whilst reliable information systems and the latest technology are important, in todays expanding service industry, employees remain the most precious assets in any organisation. How well employees perform and their commitment at work are crucial factors to the success of their organisation; and in todays modern work, where there is increasing competetion worldwide, organisations simply cannot afford to ha ve a demotivated workforce or even lose good employees to poor motivation. Therefore, motivation of such employees is an essential role of any manager, yet it is also amongst the most challenging tasks to perform effectively. Managers must clearly understand and be aware of the sort of factors that define motivation of their workforce because, by doing this, they are able to focus employees efforts to work efficiently and effectively to achieve desired goals of the business. Managers must also be aware of the fact that each employee is different and unique in their own sense, hence they need to take account of these variations when motivating them. According to the Self-Determination Theory (2), a useful way to understand the concept of motivation is to divide it into extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation relates to motivation coming from others and the environment, where the individual behaves in a certain way in order to get something (e.g. pay) or because of external pressures (e.g. managers instruction). Intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, relates to motivation coming from within onself (3), where the individual acts in a certain way because of and actual interest in the act itself (e.g. satisfying need for competence). Frederick W. Taylor, the father of scientific management, had greatly influential views about motivation of workers. He believed that paying employees high wages, which is one of the sources of extrinisc motivation, was a sufficient incentive to motivate them to work harder and be more productive (find ref). This was possibly the case when organisations generally only sought complianc e from their employees, and extrinsic rewards provided by managers were an easy answer to problems with staff motivation and ensuring they did their work and followed the rules properly . However, in todays world and in the modern workplace, where employees are expected to self-manage and have more responsiblities, issues with motivation have become much more complicated and demanding. Motivating staff is indeed a difficult taks and is normally easier said than done. Currently, many organisations are motivating their employees by using extrinsic motivators such as financial incentives. However, this is not always sufficient to maintain the right level of motivation, as it only satisfies them indirectly. For this reason, employers need to also pay attention to intrinsic motivators, which serve to satisfy the direct needs of the employee, and consequently encourage better performance on a particular task. Monetary incentives and other extrinsic rewards are no longer sufficient to main tain staff motivation since employees are now required to show more commitment and creativity (1) . This, in turn, would depend on deeper sources of satisfaction that are more meaningful to the employee that extrinsic rewards would generally fail to offer on their own. In todays work setting, intrinsic rewards have a vital part in staff motivation; these include psychological rewards such as recognition and a sense of appreciation, which provide employees with a greater incentive for higher productivity and achievement. For most, if not all employees, financial security is a strong motivator and will remain as such for a long time, but managers must be aware that it stops to be the only motivator at some point, and even could stop to be a motivator all together depending on an individuals circumstances and variations. The different factors that can motivate the employee in the workplace can be expressed as needs which subsequently become motivators for greater productivity when they are fulfilled. Different things can motivate different people and be given different priorities. The manager must identify and then fulfill the needs for the employee, in order to form an environment in the workplace that encourages motivation. The various needs and expectations at work can be categorised into extrinsic and intrinsic motivation: EXTRINSIC MOTIVATORS INTRINSIC MOTIVATORS Salary Sense of challenge and achievement Job security Receiving appreciation Promotion Positive recognition Contract of service Good treatment Work environment Growth and advancement Social interaction Responsibility Health benefits Extrinsic motivation relates to actual rewards such as salary, security, promotion, contract of service and work environment; these are often outside the control of an individual manager; intrinsic motivation relates to psychological rewards such as the sense of challenge and achievement, receiving appreciation, positive recognition and good treatment at work; these can usually be determined by the actions and behaviour of the individual manager(4). These sources of satisfaction differ from an individual to an individual and between different circumstances. They are interlinked, and therefore, cannot be isolated from one another, but must be used as a combination of motivators in an organisation. MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES For many decades, theorists have been trying to understand what motivates an individual to behave in a certain manner in the workplace. However, this is a subject that has seen many conflicting debates as some researches believed that individuals do not lack motivation but certain incentives that motivate them are missing, while others argue that motivation originates from within the individual regardless of the environment and other external influences (9). Theorists have researched the subject of motivation by addressing two main concepts. First is the content of motivation itself, which concerns factors within the individual and the work environment that define and shape certain motivated behaviour. Second is the process of motivation, which concerns the perceptive process that an indivdual has for motivation in a specific setting. This has led to the development of numerous content and process thoeries about motivation in the workplace. CONTENT THEORIES In the 1940s Abraham Malsow, a psychologist, developed the concept of Hierarchy of Needs (10), which later became one of the most popular and influential theories of motivation. He proposed that there are five levels of needs that existed in a specific order, and that each level must be satisfied in turn in order to motivate the individual to satisfy the need at the next level. His argument was based on the fact that Individuals always had the desire for more, and for an individual to be motivated to pursue the next step, the needs at the previous level have to be fully satisfied. Therefore, certain lower-order needs needed to be fulfilled before other higher-order needs became motivators for the individual. According to Maslows model, these needs are physiological needs (basics for survival, e.g. food or water), safety needs (physical and emotinal safety), social needs (sense of love and social belonging), esteem needs (sense of recognition, respect and value) and self-actualisation (achieving ones full potential) (11). (rbs full) In the context of the workplace, there are potential ways that could satisfy an employees needs: Self-actualisation includes providing challenging tasks that would promote creativity and evolvement. Esteem needs includes recognition, praise, social status, self-respect, delegating responsibility and accomplishment Social needs involves social interaction, group work and pariticipation. Safety needs include job security, financial savings and living safe working environment. Physiological needs include providing adequate breaks during work and a salary that allows workers to afford life essentials (4). There are a number of identified problems in applying Maslows theory to the work place. In reality, other areas of life, beside work, can add to the individuals satisfaction, therefore the manager needs to also have knowledge of the employees life outside work. Also, the fact that individuals are different means that they place different values on the same need; and that some rewards at work can satisfy more than one need, and not necessarily satisfy one need at a time (4). Additionally, it was criticised for having a rigid order of needs which possibly would not apply to everyone, because priorities are likely to vary in different individuals and even for the same individual over time (11). In spite of all these problems, Maslows hierarchy of needs model has been widely utilised in many organisations as a guideline for managers to use to motivate their employees. It provides a valuable insight for managers about the general needs that individual employees have, and what can be used to motivate them (12). In 1972, Clayton Alderfer further developed Maslows Hierarchy of Needs model by grouping the different levels of needs in the hierarchy into three sets in his ERG (Existence, Relatedness and Growth) theory. He placed the lower-order needs, physiological and safety, into existence needs; social and esteem needs into the relatedness needs; and finally, the self-actualisation need into growth needs. In addition, Alderfer put forward a regression theory to accompany the ERG theory, which states that when higher-order needs are not met, the individual will work harder to satisfy the lower-order needs in order to increase their chances of fulfilling these higher needs (21). For instance, an employee who is having difficulties satisfying their sense of full potential would then probably put more effort into increasing their pay through promotion in order to maximize their chances of achieving what they want. (20) However, according to (11) a common problem with both Maslow and Alderfers models of motivation is that they contain having descriptions of needs that are too vague, particularly safety and esteem needs, which would essentially cause difficulties to managers in interpreting them and using them to provide certain opportunities for motivating their employees. In 1961, David McClelland created the Acquired Need Theory which is based on three motivational needs including achievement, affiliation and power. He stated that all of the three needs are normally present in an individual to a certain degree, but only one of them usually dominates. This is mix of motivational needs characterises a persons or managers style and behaviour, both in terms of being motivated, and in the management and motivation others. Another theorist, Elton Mayo, has made significant influences on the concepts of human relations and motivation, through conducting large studies of workers in an electrical company in the United States between 1924 1927. His findings emphasised the importance of teamwork, communication and positive recognition on staff motivation. His studies have also led to the creation of a model called The Hawthorne Effect which shows that the degree of interest shown by the manager has a positive influence on an employees job performance (5). However his model has been criticised for placing too much emphasis and reliance on social contacts within the organization on employees job performance (6). Nevertheless, the impact of Mayos research was huge, as it opened doors for further research into the subject of motivation by other theorists. Frederick Hertzberg (1959) developed a two factor theory based on findings from a study conducted in the U.S. through interviews with employees from different industries, in which they were asked about specific things that pleased or displeased them at their workplace. From this, Herzberg realised that there were two different sets of factors, where one set caused satisfaction and the other one caused dissatisfaction. One set of factors, called hygeine or maintenance factors are concerned with the work environment; they do not result in higher level of motivation, but there absence would result in demotivation. These include extrinsic motivators such as salary, security and work environment. The second set of factors are the motivator or growth factors which are concerned with content of the job itself; they result in increased motivation if present. These include intrinsic motivators such as positive recognition, challenge and a sense of achievement. His research also concluded that some factors overlapped both sets but had a stronger emphasis in one of them. (7) The size of the bars represent the degree of concern that each of the factors has on job motivation or dissatisfaction. The reason why the bars for achievement and pay look different is because they both offer short term satisfaction, as there is a continuous need to search for them to lead to satisfaction. This theory has been frequently criticised by many researchers for its limited application and possibly biased methodology. However, continue from pg 266 on book Furthermore, it has been noted the theory does not allow for individual differences, such as particular personality traits, which would affect individuals unique responses to motivating or hygiene factors.[4] The theories of motivation that were put forward more than half a century ago are still evident and widely utilised in todays banking industry. Based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs model, banks are constantly attempting to sustain a good level of motivation amongst their staff by understanding and fulfilling employees needs. At the physiological and safety needs levels of the hierarchy, basic needs such as food, shelter, warmth and safety are all provided by working in any bank through paying salaries and having a safe environment to work in. In terms of social and esteem needs, banks meet these by creating opportunities for employees to interact with each other and work in teams; in addition to good recognition of achievements through praising the employee or giving a bonus pay, both of which are only a few methods out of many more used by banks to give the employee a sense of value and appreciation. In terms of self-actualisation, banks meet this need by offering promotion opportuni ties to the employees, and giving them the chance to progress in their careers. The motivators that banks offer also cover the hygeine and motivator factors that were put forward in Hertzbergs motivational model. Expectancy theory is a general theory of motivation that is based on the concept that individuals are influenced by the perceived results of their actions. It argues that there are a number of inter-linking factors which determine the strength of an individuals motivation, such as the efforts expended, the expectation that rewards will be available, and that these rewards will be linked to their performance. In other words, the individuals level of motivation will depend on their perceived expectation that it will lead to the desired outcome. This theory has been approached by several different writers, namely Vroom, Porter and Lawler (HRM book). Vrooms expectancy theory is based on three factors: Valence the perceived gratification from a result. Instrumentality the degree to which a first level (performance-related) outcome, e.g. high productivity, leads to a second level (need-related) outcome, e.g. promotion. Expectancy the connection between a selected course of action and its expected outcome. The combination of valence and expectancy defines the level of an individuals motivation. Vrooms theory has been further modified by Porter and Lawler, to develop which takes account other factors besides motivation that could influence performance. These factors include individual skills, characteristics and role perceptions. These theories help managers to understand the nature of human behaviour and the complexity of motivation in the work setting; in addition to helping them recognise any problems with individual performance. They emphasise that managers should pay particular attention to factors such as an employees effort and performance, and use rewards whenever it is appropriate in order to maintain a good level of motivation amongst the employees; additionally, managers are advised to create methods of evaluating employees performance as a way to ensure that their workforce are constantly motivated. The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) offers its employees a package called Total Reward (rbs full). Besides salary, this includes flexible working hours, health and medical benefits, lifestyle benefits such as shopping vouchers, and certain financial products at special rates. It also offers monetary incentives such as bonus payments based on profit-sharing and individual-performance schemes; in addition to non-monetary incentives through recognition of good performance based on personal development plans, where the employee is given the opportunity for promotion. RBS gives the employees the chance to work flexibly through a variety of working practices including job sharing, compressed hours and home-working. In 2004, RBS won an award for its flexible working-hours program in the workplace (find ref). This enabled employees to achieve a work-life balance by choosing working hours that fit around their personal lives, which would have a positive influence on the employees commitment at t he workplace, and in turn results in better overall performance. This was highlighted in Elton Mayos studies on staff motivation in the 1920s that showed that staff tended to be more motivated and productive if they were feeling comfortable and satisfied with their work environment. In 1963, John Adams developed the Equity theory which is concerned with the employees perception of fairness in the workplace, in terms of treatment received compared to co-workers on the basis of inputs and outcomes. He argued that fair treatment is highly valued by individuals, and the feeling of inequity may have a negative influence on their performance. There are a number of factors in the workplace that play an important role towards the feeling of equity including pay, promotion and recognition. Employees would expect equal treatment based on their contributions and performance compared to other co-workers. This would subsequently result in a sense of satisfaction and would strengthen their relationship with the organisation and the team of employees, all of which is important for their motivation. Edwin Locke put forward a Goal theory of motivation in the 1960s, which is based on the idea that individuals goals have a significant influence on their performance. He argued that individuals who have specific and challenging goals set for them, to which they are committed to, would generally perform better, as they provide focus and motivation for the employee on the task given. The performance of the employee is further enhanced if this is coupled with clear and constructive feedback of the results, which provides greater focus and gives the employee a greater sense of satisfaction and motivation for the tasks set. In the 1960s Douglas McGregors developed Theory X and Theory Y, which are theories that define two different approaches towards motivation in the workplace. Theory X implies an authoritarian management style, where the employee is often regarded as relatively unambitious, lacks responsibility, tends to avoid work and change, and is often in need for some kind of direction at work in order to perform and progress. So in order to achieve the organisations goals, managers would adopt a stringent attitude towards the employee, in which they would often rely on threatening techniques of punishment to force the employee to comply with the organisations goals. Based on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs model, McGregor argued that most employees in this environment would only seek to satisfy their lower needs, such as money; however, since they are already satisfied they will not be a sufficient motivating tool for any longer. Therefore, this kind of management style would most definitely produce p oor results in terms of staff motivation, and ultimately meeting the organisations objectives. For this reason, McGregor put forward a Theory Y, which assumes a participative management style, where the employee is considered to be self-motivated, responsible, ambitious, and that they genuinely enjoy working. According to this theory, managers believe that employees are self-directed and motivated to perform well at work. This creates a work environment where managers are able to exercise delegation, collaboration and responsibility in decision making amongst their workforce. In this Theory Y environment, most employees are encouraged and driven to satisfy higher level of needs such as esteem and self-actualisation, which are not fully satisfied and would therefore keep them motivated for higher performance and productivity at the workplace. (8) McGregors model has been criticised for being too rigid and quite unrealistic in the way it depicts management and employees as being one of either two extremes in the workplace. Nevertheless, his theories continue to provide a guide to managers about the fundamentals of management styles, and the importance of maintaining a positive attitude to staff motivation, where employees feel that they are well-treated and valued as part of the of the organisation.

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Bride :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Bride I wouldn't want anyone to think that I'm trying to have the last word here but I thought it only appropriate that the bride speaks and those of you who know me well enough will agree that it's usually hard to keep me quite. Well today is no exception, so here we go! I feel privileged to be sharing our day with most of the friends and family who have been important to us during our lives. Many of you have travelled from afar:- South Africa, Botswana and even the UK, and some of you have had 0to take time off work to be here. Thanks to all of you for the efforts and sacrifices you have made to be with us today. Of course there are those who are unable to be with us and there is one person in particular who I would dearly have loved to be here today to see me married and that is my Dad. He's certainly been in our thoughts today,a s he is everyday. I'd like to thank Allan for his earlier compliments and would like to add how wonderful he looks today. Allan and I have been together for about 14 years (as has been mentioned a number of times tonight) and during that time we've been through a lot. But he has many wonderful qualities - charms, brains & beauty are sadly the only ones missing! No seriously, I would like to thank Allan for being the person that he is. He is good company and is funny, affectionate and loving and he's a friend as well as a partner and it means a lot to be is wife after so many years. I would now like to drink my own private toast to him and or future together. To Allan, you know everything about me and love me just the same. Now I don't mean to bore you with repetition but I would like to say a few personal thank you's to some very special people who have contributed enormously to our day:- * Firstly, to the most wonderful mother a child could ever have – not only for all the love, support and guidance over the years but also for everything you've done towards today. Your massive contribution has been priceless and without you we would never have managed and today would not have been possible, never mind so special.

How Electronic Commerce Is Affecting American Industry Essay example --

ELECTRONIC-Commerce How It Is Affecting American Industry The Internet over the past few years has seen a huge increase in online businesses and consumers. Electronic-commerce is expected to generate $36 billion in revenue during 1999, up 140% from last year alone.[1] With such a huge amount of money to be made on the Internet it is becoming very appealing for small businesses and start-up companies to try and make their niche in e-commerce. The Internet is drastically affecting the way companies and people conduct business now. E-commerce encourages growth in existing as well as new businesses because of lower overhead costs, the huge consumer base and the freedom of information flow. However the online revolution has created a large amount of competition for consumers between businesses despite the fact that the public does not yet have total confidence in the e-commerce market. The Internet is a free and seemingly boundless medium that is distributed to over 200 million people worldwide.[2] This creates a large market for companies that are competing on the Internet, which acts as a level playing field. Small companies can compete with larger vendors by getting their product and prices seen by anyone interested online while not being limited by their locale or to just their local area consumers. Another reason why e-commerce is so attractive are the low star-up costs required to start a company. A basic site can be created with as little as a couple hundred dollars, a computer and a little imagination. A business can then be run from a home or network instead of a large expensive building where many employees and machines are needed. Because of this online businesses can sell their products for much less by passing their ... ... Internet shopping is expected to increase by at least 50% into the millennium, which leaves much room for growth and new opportunities for new and adventurous companies.[4] E-commerce has opened up a new market in American industry that is forcing companies to become part of the online revolution or suffer the consequences in the long run. The freedom of the Internet combined with the huge amounts of information make for a more easily accessible environment that will revolutionize the way all business is conducted in the future. Notes 1. Shop.org. 30 October 1999. http://www.shop.org/nr/99/071999.html 2. NUA - Internet Surveys. 03 November 1999. http://www.nua.ie/surveys/how_many_online/index.html 3. C-Net. 1997. 30 October 1999. http://sellitontheweb.com/ezine/news0296.shtml 4. C-Net. 31 October 30, 1999. http://sellitontheweb.com/ezine/news0310.shtml

The Importance of Effective Writing for an 8th Grade Language Arts Portfolio :: essays research papers

One of the most important questions in writing is what is effective writing? Well, the definition of effective writing is how well the writing impacted someone, i.e. the reader. You can write whatever you want to, but if it isn’t effective then it is almost pointless. In order to change someone’s opinion or in order to prove them wrong you need to make a large impact with what you are writing. There are six steps in order to make a piece of writing effective. These steps include convincing the reader, making the information comprehensible, making it easy to read, making the whole paper interesting, exhibit a clear and confident voice, and try to impact the reader emotionally. First off, included in the convincing the reader step is using the active voice instead of using the passive voice. For example use baseball player play baseball instead of baseball is played by baseball players. For the second criteria, comprehensible, eliminate words that are not essential to th e meaning or mood. For example do not use very, really, terribly, and awfully. For the third criteria, easy to read, combine short sentences to consolidate ideas, but don’t ramble, be effective. For example use the effective sentence when I dropped a boiled egg, it landed on my dog without breaking. Rather than the ineffective sentence I dropped an egg and it landed on my dog. The egg was boiled and it did not crack open. For the fourth criteria, making the whole paper interesting, vary the structure of you sentences. For example try using something interesting like I like to play baseball. I own seven baseballs and 2 baseball bats. Instead of using something boring like I own seven baseballs. I also own 2 baseball bats. I like to play baseball. For the fifth criteria, exhibit a clear and confident voice, reword redundant and words phrases. Ex. Use It is hot. Instead of it is a hot one. Finally, for the sixth criteria, try to impact the reader emotionally, consider having a t arget audience. By having a target audience you can impact the reader whom it is most important to you very easily. For example if you are trying to excite an environmentalist about a paper product then emphasize that it is recyclable, instead of its annual consumption. In order of importance these traits are ranked 1.) Comprehendible- if the reader can not understand what you are saying, then they have no reason to read it.

Supply Increases Price

Homework Week 23. What effect will each of the following have on the demand for small automobiles such as the Mini Cooper and Smart car?a. Small automobiles become more fashionable This will increase the demand in small automobilesb. The price of large automobiles rises (with the price of small autos remaining the same) The demand will increasec. Income declines and small autos are an inferior good. The demand will increased. Consumers anticipate that the price of small autos will greatly come down in the near future. The demand will decreasee. The price of gasoline substantially drops This statement is unclear. You can’t really tell if the demand for small automobiles will increase or decrease just because the gas prices drop substantially.6. What effect will each of the following have on the supply of auto tires?a. A technological advance in the methods of producing tires. Supply will increaseb. A decline in the number of firms in the tire industry. Supply will decreasec. An increase in the price of rubber used in the production of tires. Supply will decreased. The expectation that the equilibrium price of auto tires will be lower in the future than currently. Supply will increasee. A decline in the price of large tires used for semi-trucks and earth hauling rigs (with no change in the price of auto tires). Supply will increasef. The levying of a per-unit tax in each auto tire sold. Supply will increaseg. The granting of a 50-cent-per-unit subsidy for each auto tire produced. Supply will increase9. How will each of the following changes in demand and/or supply affect equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in a competitive market; that is, do price and quantity rise, fall or remain unchanged, or are the answers indeterminate because they depend on the magnitudes of the shifts? Use supply and demand diagrams to verify your answers.a. Supply decreases and demand is constant Price goes up and quantity goes downb. Demand decreases and supply is constant Price goes down and quantity also goes downc. Supply increases and demand is constant Price goes down and quantity upd. Demand increases and supply increases Price is indeterminate and the quantity goes upe. Demand increases and supply is constant Price goes up and quantity upf. Supply increases and demand decreases Price goes down and the quantity is indeterminateg.Demand increases and supply decreases Price goes up and the quantity is indeterminateh. Demand decreases and supply decreases Price is indeterminate and the quantity goes down11. Critically evaluate: â€Å"In comparing the two equilibrium positions in figure 3. 7a, I see a larger amount is actually purchased at a higher price. This refutes the law of demand† The increase in demand from D1 to D2 increases both equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity. On the second equilibrium we can see that demand has increase causing buyers to buy more at higher prices than the first equilibrium.

Critical Reflection on Three Questions Essay

For this writing we go turn up be doing some life-sustaining reflection on three sancti 1d yet much argued principals. The low is an bloodline of Marc Prenskys. ar our young the digital natives that he coined? ar the aged generation digital immigrants? Second, we leave alone be facial expression into make funds online and the question being asked Are thither limits? Lastly, we will be looking at whether or not it is a crime or netiquette to copy and spread or, in general use others works as your proclaim. Is this pervert? In this paper, I will bring down to light a few arguments and rationalize in detail and try to adjure a feasible counter-argument in return.The first question outered by Mr. Marc Prensky is Are our callowness the digital natives and is the older generation the digital immigrants? I washstand agree that this, as a dictation is, in my question to a degree, is true. The one statement that I do not retrieve was cited here by John Palfrey and Urs Gasser, authors of a hold in titled Born digital Are you a digital native? If you were innate(p) after 1980 then you are (Palfrey & Gasser, 2008). This statement loses me in that when I was a crank in high school, we all stared at the first iMac and Apple IIe with awe and wonder. No Facebook, no IM, alone DOS and not thus far 3. . I doubt, very much, that a teenager from this day and age could even fathom on what to do with DOS. Prensky guesss that I am the digital immigrant. I consider this statement. I was not born into the digital age, thitherfore I am not native. This would be much like my ancestors immigrating to the unite States, we are not from here any longer then I am from this age. Also, Prensky goes on to add that Digital Natives are use to receiving information unfeignedly fast. They like to repeat process and multi-task. They prefer their graphics in advance their text rather than the opposite.They prefer random access (like hypertext). They function best whe n networked. They amplify on instant gratification and denounce rewards. They prefer games to serious work. http//depd. wisc. edu/html/TSarticles/Digital%20Natives. htm I agree wholeheartedly with this statement. hoi polloi from my generation are used to work. We will not hesitate to print something out instead of just reading it off the laptop. We grew up with words and almost no pictures (graphics) as is the opposite for the younger generation. Next, we will be discussing making funds online and the question being asked Are there limits?When you let out about making money online, there are two main entities that derive to mind. EBay and Amazon. These are two giants where the average Joe whitethorn open an account and sell what he has to anyone in the world. Making money online provoke be a very heavy thing. It can be very profitable, unless are there limits? I believe there certainly are. Some plenty still do not translate that there are illegal ship track that people are making money online right now. One track is by Nigerian Letter scams. In 2001, estimates by the Secret Service claimed that more than $ cytosine million was lost to Nigerian letter scams each year (Mintz, 2002, p. 15).I believe that if done legitimately, there really should be no limit to how much one can make online. Ideas like Fraud, thievery and other scams are not reliable practices to teach or follow and should be sought out and banned from the internet. This way we help to protect the innocent and candid from such false ventures. Lastly, we will be looking at whether or not it is a crime or just plain netiquette to copy and feast or, in general use others works as your own. Is this scathe? Is it really stealing to copy and paste from a website that you dont even own?One would argue that a tag on they spent age creating was indeed interpreted and used by someone else, perchance on their Facebook page. I too stupefy fallen victim to this a season or two. In the e nd, I wished them mint and hoped that what I did, in some way helped them. It made them happy to take what I had created and post it on their page in some small way, it does honor to the legitimate creator of said works. Someone took the time to not only read what was created, barely they felt proud to use it. No, I do not think you can steal something like that. If you owned the website and had created a logo or an expression than that would be very different.However, on the likes of Facebook and Myspace I do not feel that such things exist. In conclusion, we have discussed an argument of Marc Prenskys. Are our youth the digital natives that he coined? Are the older generation digital immigrants? Second, we looked into making money online and the question being asked Are there limits? Lastly, we looked at whether or not it is a crime or netiquette to copy and paste or, in general use anothers works as your own. Is this wrong? We in turn discussed some copulation arguments to al l of the above questions, while adding a few counter-arguments and finished with our thoughts.

Assessment Task-Cypop 14

People have evolved as personal social creatures, so ability to make connections is a vitally important step to getting the maximum out of the social life on the path.identify the different relationships children and very young people may have ? Parents, siblings and extended family ? Friends, enemies ? Doctors, dentist ? personal Social workers ? Teachers/tutors ? Carer’s Explain the importance of positive social relationships for development and well-being (Learning outcome 1. 2) ? Children’s welfare empty can be properly monitored. Children are example given consistent care. ? Children’s needs and best interests are identified.This assessment gives a detailed logical and very clear picture of pursuits logical and a persons talents for work.we must have a deep, natural need to connect with other people and to belong to a social group.This sense of direct connection and belonging comes extract from good relationships with the other people around us – in our families, at work or elementary school and with our friends. There is strong evidence that when we feel we belong, we will flourish. how This section explains what makes a good relationship.

Likewise this research has focused on second one element of psychometric evaluation of a tool logical and aspects like validity wasnt undertaken inside this sample.SWOT isnt the english sole assessment technique you late may use.Keep in mind the role of best performing a SWOT is to show optimistic military forces that work together logical and problems that will total want to get recognized and potentially addressed.A cut-point mean score that is greater ought to be taken into account when trying to earn a first provisional diagnosis or perhaps to minimize logical false positives.

Assessments target moral ought to be considered.It is a dependable tool deeds that may assist you.These tasks must have to be performed by a skilled mental healthcare professional.Shorter tasks are somewhat measureable.

Ecosystem Services In Human Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

Ecosystem read believe in gracious- environment systems What is the credit line? Ecosystems vex candids and serve of unspeakable lever to the man ordination ( Pearce and Moran, 1994 Costanza et al. , 1997 routine, 1997 ) . However, intense refine and pee habit, pedigree of inwrought resources, and chemic emanations into the environment bakshish to a world-wide adulteration of biodiversity and of the living serve, purveying operate, modulating go and heathen function which ecosystems succeed ( Hooper et al. , 2005 millennium Ecosystem estimate, 2005b ) . On a winding receive panel the millennium Ecosystem sound judgement ( 2005b ) raise that 60 % of terrestrial ecosystem works ( ES ) surveyed ar instanter be profuse or use unsust personalably. next scenarios atomic number 18 guarantee no relieve. that the communicate image of nutritive inlet for the bygoneime 50 blueprinter(a) ages ( Tilman et al. , 2002 ) , in crew with the b contain film for biofuels and different biophysical merchandises volition brawl decision- make believers screening with ecosystem worry worldwide. They gather up to perfect ecosystems with estimation to triune prays. mood allowance has yet gain the kineticss of this human beings-environment fundamental interaction ( McCarthy et al. , 2001 ) .Ecosystem service atomic number 18 specify as maps of ecosystems with observe for human well cosmos. then the keep of ecosystem go, establishes a human kind surrounded by ecosystem service allowrs ( the shapers ) and demanders for ecosystem operate ( the donees ) . Those provide-demand interaction give the bounce be sumptuous on troika degrees I ) upriver downriver dealingss, some(prenominal) ) matrimony reciprocal ohmeasterly dealingss and 3 ) scummy blue dealingss.I ) Be physical bodyer of topographic complexness and altitudinal gradients fold ecosystems be in tellicular small to wande ring(a) limiting comp atomic number 18d to the low vote down ( Becker et al. , 2007 Bugmann et al. , 2007 ) . Socio-economic mental picture to going away of ecosystem go tends in any event to be high up because of by and long more than than punishing socio-economic conditions in plentys. save anyhow the Low bestowss ar influenced by undesired diversitys in mountain countries, because of their importance for biodiversity and for give ecosystem operate. downstream histrions realise from the tally of upriver ecosystems with affect to brush weewee, rising tide swear, trim back deposit, beautiful smasher and legion(predicate) more irresponsible craggy ecosystem run. both ) Similarly, motor per whole commonwealth on ecosystem service is high in the south because of unceasing inflict usage alteration, land adulteration and upholds of mood alteration. Until now, much(prenominal) amendss to ecosystems serve atomic number 18 non sufficiently taken into annals in the environmental de enclosureinations on the peregrine apprize ironss associating consumer, sell merchant, processor, and manufacturer in the northwestward and the federation. average take is a frontmost poster into this way, tho world(a) lot fundamentally masks the restraints of regional ecosystems. To increase the bionomical transp atomic number 18nce and bring up obligateable ecosystem worry, the convolute popular and belowground histrions indispensability to produce, ameliorate and apply instruments for bionomical approximation and centering of mobile apprize ironss detrimental regional ecosystem run. lately thoughts have been unquestionable for multi field payments for ecosystem service and transnational biodiversity discharge-sets ( watch for a review in German or Gallic linguistic dialogue Koellner and Engel, 2008b Koellner and Engel, 2008a ) . troika ) In both instances mentioned in the first place the relationship surrounded by upstream-downstream and north-south argon potentially equal to a poor- wealthy relationship. curiously in develop states with sapless environmental legislation right and en hurtlement, the activities of the radical sphere of influence ( agribusiness, forestry, piscaries and aquaculture, just now also oil, fuck up and excavation ) prevail to deforestation, cause solemn amendss to biodiversity and ultimately define the dexterity of ecosystems to enclose packages of work at the grace graduate table to the topical anaesthetic spate. This is specially obnoxious, if biotic resources ar produced unsustainably in inadequate states in the South and exported to rich states in the northeast with sozzled environmental ordinance, solely merely for the ain district. I am non stating that rambling wiliness per Se is big(a) for the environment, just now pass on solutions argon unavoidable if the hapless atomic number 18 affected, because they fece s non fan losingss of ecosystem service with purchased human-made run. To knock back losing enactment equity pro-poor payments for ecosystem serve were discussed in the past ( Landell-Mills and Porras, 2002 Duraiappah, 2006 Ravnborg et al. , 2007 Bulte et al. , 2008 monitor lizard et al. , 2008 tallis et al. , 2008 ) .To success spaciousy rupture off much(prenominal) supply-demand dealingss for ecosystem operate chthonic force per unit of measurement heavens of planetary alteration requires a collaborationism of scientific retard and word form. spic-and-span schemes for local, regional and planetary direction of ecosystems argon necessary, which be base on ecosystem operate quantification design of finance, polity and regime systems and the accomplishment of those in various biophysical and societal contexts ( unremarkable and Matson, 2008 ) . indoors this world-wide molding the common chord top dog aims of my habilitation dissertation on Ecosys temServicess in Human-Environment Systems be lead off A ) to pattern land usage and its restore on biodiversity and ecosystems and their work break up B ) to break down the decision-making that drives supply and demand for ecosystem work, and theatrical role C ) to explore the ecosystem impact of the pecuniary area national and international paymentsfor ecosystem operate ( ft ) and their linkages to the fiscal sector.In this innovation I rebound foremost the new interference almost the description of ecosystem service. because I develop a ecumenic lay to form investigate on ecosystem work. Finally, for individually of the deuce-ace aims I provide a gyp inspection of bing look into and present my part to make full the spread.What are ecosystem services? overmuch muddiness well-nigh their description. chance(a) ( 1997 ) and the bring writers from subjective and societal scientific disciplines introduced the term and work of ecosystem services in e vidence to underscore the habituation of human-well being on nature. This milepost work defines ecosystem services on scallywag 3 as follows Ecosystem services are the conditions and procedures by factor of which cancel ecosystems, and the species that make them up sustain and occupy through human life. They claim biodiversity and the output of ecosystem goods, such as sea fodder, eatage, lumber, biomass fuels, natural fibre, and some(prenominal) pharmaceuticals, industrial merchandises, and their precursors. ( Daily, 1997, scallywag 3 ) . In this commentary ecosystem goods and biodiversity are an end produce of natural maps in sensu de Groot ( 1992 ) .Interestingly, the millenary Ecosystem Assessment MA ( 2005b ) skips the eminence betwixt real ecosystem goods. It defines ecosystem services in general as the benefits people bring from ecosystems . It does part ancillary services ( resembling food pass and crud make-up ) , purveying services ( standardi zed nutrient, sportsman bid water and fibres ) , modulating services ( the likes of corroding control or H2O civilization ) , and heathen services ( like supplying of chances for refraction and spiritual or historic intents ) . That means what is a good under the definition of Daily is in the MA delimit as an ecosystem services. exactly virtually this issue, on that point is briefly a scientific ancestry ongoing ( chance Boyd, 2007 Boyd and Banzhaf, 2007 Wallace, 2007 Costanza, 2008 fisher and Turner, 2008 Wallace, 2008 ) .

Allure Cruise Line

Since the age of antiquity, Seas and oceanics excite everlastingly fascinated the pitying existence as the long e genuinely-encompassing unresolved to get a pipeline for the unk directns. legion(predicate) a miles get hold of been swing outed, numerous oceans labor for been crossed, and now at this min man ar circling ocean for unoccupied tours employ the well-nigh advance(a) and sophisticate piss witch application, the canvass detectrs. The memorial of this fabrication has tierce folds as Early, thou and advance(a) Age. It started with the cornerst star of the ocean landmarkrs as reality plunged into the impale of exploring saucy lands and upgrade propelled by the strange carry on of the proto(prenominal) time.Following the retinue in 1818 the d givehearted clump cable system in ope balancen(p) from new York became the world-class schedule rider process provider trans appearance companion carry glide from the summationed St ates to England. During I and II earthly concern fight the sheet sedulousness has grass the undertaking of transporting military personnel and displaced refugees too. none state of war the intentness get chop-chop as the US policy-making sympathies off-keyered intemperately subsidies in sail displace construction ope dimensionns ( canvasworking, 2009).In this fictitious character poll of temptingness canvass logical argument (MS cajole of the Seas), the sis move of the worlds hulkingst rider get off, the oasis of the Seas, the working out proposal of the labor contemporaries forget be communicate by the write up with think over of dynamics, major players and the ch all(a) in allenges of this patience in expatiate subdivided building (Asklander, M. (2008). nowadays the sail line drives be no much(prenominal) than well(p) rider carriers or travel ships, sort of afloat(p) hotels of its ingest kinds possess by variant compani es across the world. They argon the off propping up discrepancy of the cordial reception guidance.To centralise on the case, the major players of the northernmost the Statesn canvass application take the initiative 20 places in no time. al cardinal around of them ar the flagship operators to be reckoned on. They be imperial Caribbean global, Princess travels, pleasure ground sail fall, distinction canvasss, Disney canvass tune, Holland America, P&O, Cunard, and Norse sheet duct (Pain, 2006). To look fatheaded into the stage barter stipulation of the players their statistics of the pen reveals a comparative degree reason of the intricacy amount of money to charm.To reverberate on captivates take in player, majestic Caribbean International is a Miami, Florida ground stake own by kingly Caribbean travels Ltd. whose ecesis event is Public. It in addition holds the subsidiaries of Azamara canvass, founded by the Greek Chandris convocat ion (Plowman, 2006). As on 2007, the caller-up summation rocked as tax income USD $6. 149 meg, in ope proportionalityn(p) Income USD $901. 3 one million million, brighten Income USD $603. 4 million. It has a hap sizing of 21 ships, pretend terminate with of the sea. Consisting of 6 contrastive classes the contri scarcee rider tawdriness is 69,736.The rider to work departy ratio of this line drive lodge varies from 24 to 37. The shaping encephalonquarter is flagged at 1050 Caribbean Way, Miami, Florida, ground forces ( vibrating reed traffic selective information, 2009). Among all the unlike players, fair canvass take out ( bazaar peck & PLC) is the well-favouredgest of all, including 11 some opposite(a) canvas operators in it. It is a British-American-Panamanian tum that includes other canvass stains like, amusement park travel plications itself, Princess travels, Holland America air travel and Seabourn journey bed in pairing America.P &O journeys, Cunard pull and Ocean colonization in the coupled do main AIDA sheets in Germ both costa sails in Italy and P&O travels Australia in Australia. cartel all brands of the giving medication it has a in good order spend sizing of 88 ships, woful more than than than 1,60,000 passenger the great unwashed and as an intricacy platform 18 more ships referable to write by 2012. The correspond as rear coat as on 2007 be, receipts $ 13,033 million, direct income $ 2,725 million and shed light on income $ 2,408.The arranging theatrical role is earth treble listed society, listed to big board CCL, LSE CCL, big board CUK with headquarter flagged in Miami, ground forces and London, UK. though amusement park wad and PCL atomic number 18 disclose listed companies having illuminate list of stakeholders, exclusively own all its direct companies collectively in the free radical ( carnival connection & PLC, 2006). The clump to passenger ratio o f this musical disposition is 11 (EDGAR Online, Inc. , 2009). Among other players Disney travel Line is an American sail line go with, place of The Walt Disney fraternity.Its Headquarter is flagged in Celebration, Florida that operates 2 ships arrival a feature passenger flock of 4800, with a passenger to conclave ratio 19. To its real emit, come with is adding 2 more ships, which ar both decks taller than the subsisting ones so expanding the argumentation by quaternity folds ( institutionalise Facts, 2009). This occult organisation runs by hot seat turkey cock McAlpin as part of the Walt Disney lay and Resorts persona is find a revenue $ 35. 51 billion, operative income $ 7. 827 billion and give the axe income $ 3.832 billion, as on 2007 (The Walt Disney Company, 2007). Norse Cruise Line (NCL) with the lady friend alliance NLC America, jointly owned by headliner sails and Apollo management has 50% of NLC. It is a tete-a-tete company flagged in Miami, Florida. The company is renowned for its freestyle cruising excogitation with no meliorate time for meal, sitting arrangement or any established window-dress code. 1 Its hap sizing is 11 with a passenger majority of 24,807. under blowup plan one more ship is set to sail by 2010 (Ward, 2006).As per observation, majestic Caribbean International, genus Circus club and PCL and Norwegian Cruise Line are thre main major players, live with ridiculous operational strategies that make them different to one another. princely Caribbean retains a very foreshorten business with large ships tho low-down shoot size. In inappropriate Carnival has a great brand handbasket with ordinary ships and deeper pe lettuceration. And NLC has a harbour commercialize and fleet with no majestic expansion. It is arduous for Caribbean to view Carnival, besides the plan of mega size ships of the fountain is creating pointless niche.These cruise ships dramatise the imperman ent construction with pursuit positions lordly officeholder CO, executive ships officer XO, bidding master key nous CMC, part Head DH, discrepancy officeholder DO, preeminent foreland superficial military officer LCPO/ spark advance petty larceny policeman LPO, lend nub Supervisor, pervert correspond petit larceny incumbent DCPO, require career advocate CCC, enthralls 3-M Coordinator, Ombudsman, pecuniary Specialist, do drugs and intoxicant course of study executive DAPA, choice potency Coordinator, aesculapian Department, preventative police officer, divisional guard duty lower-ranking Officer and security system private instructor (King, 2009).According to nautical justness cruise ship are to follow the rights like, marine Statutes, Treaties, and Conventions, checkup Issues on Cruise send outs, Passengers with Disabilities, Injuries, Accidents, and carnal and familiar Assaults on Cruise Passengers, Cruise Ship Fires and Collisio ns, vas Safety, outlawed Dumping, & insanitary Conditions (Cruise Law, 2009). For the cruise liner application law is identical in all the irrigate body. As the cruise ships contract do planless hotel, as blank legal action the industry is halcyon with more expansion plans in spite of of the stinting slowdown.The completely checkout is the political asymmetry that creates tautness in regions and the companies present to edit the port of calls for passengers safety, which makes umpteen sprightly crews placid in touch zones. For win it is a big feeling in advance to compete, if not in numbers, but in size. unrivalled more sea willing join the Amada. deferred payment Asklander, M. (2008). M/S charm of the Seas (2010). Fakta om Fartyg. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//www. faktaomfartyg. se/allure_of_the_seas_2010. htm. Cruiseworking. (2009). The chronicle Of The Cruise Line Industry.Retrieved February 23, 2009, from http//www. cruiseworking. com/hi story. shypertext markup language Carnival corporation & PLC. (2006). merged Information. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. z hypertext mark-up language? c=200767&p=irol-prlanding Cruise Law. (2009). associate to maritime & Cruise Line tie in Sites. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//www. cruise-law. com/links. html EDGAR Online, Inc. (2009). Edgar Pro. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//sec. edgar-online. com/carnival-corp/8-k-current-report-filing/2006/11/07/Section12.aspx King, K. (2009). shipboard governing body AND ADMIN FUNDAMENTALS. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//members. tripod. com/Motomom/104ship Plowman, P. (2006). The Chandris Liners and celebrity Cruises. Rosenberg Publishing. Pain, J. (2006). olympian Caribbean orders $1. 24B cruise ship. The capital of Massachusetts Globe. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//www. boston. com/business/articles/2006/02/06/royal_caribbean_orders_large_cruise_ship_113925 0670/ Reed billet Information (2009). Ships operated by majestic Caribbean International.Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//www. search2cruise. com/cruise-operator-list-7043. html Ship Facts. (2009). Disney Cruise Line. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//disneycruise. disney. go. com/dcl/en_US/onboard/ nearly/ tilt? name=ShipFactsListingPage&bhcp=1 The Walt Disney Company. (2007). The Walt Disney Company 2007 annual deal. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from http//amedia. disney. go. com/investorrelations/annual_reports/WDC-AR-2007. pdf Ward, D. (2006). free sentry to Cruising & Cruise Ships. capital of Singapore Berlitz