Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless

Introduce team members- Aidan Laura Marketing Debate Notes: On average, children in the U. S will watch 25 000 – 40 000 television ads per year. $15 – $17 billion is spent on these ads ? marketers see children as the future and aim to create brand loyalty from a young age. Therefore positive advertising at children will help shape the future ? developing healthy/positive lifestyles in children from a young age van only benefit society in the long run. Children’s diets result from the interplay of many factors. Multiple factors account for childhood obesity, including individual, social, environmental and cultural factors. Parents & Money There are many children who appear not to be adversely affected by marketing targeted at them ? their parents’ instilled good values in them. Positive Effects of Advertising Children are the future and therefore allowing them to be subjected to more adult concepts that are displayed to them in marketing such as decision-making and critical thought can only prepare them better for the future. Marketing to children (and as a whole) works because it lives off of deeply held beliefs about self-expression & freedom of choice ? ideologies that children can only benefit from being exposed to. Marketers use overly creative tools to engage the young audience – this creativity can used in the future to be successful. Communication in itself can be a force for real good ? this good is often overshadowed by the bad effects marketing has on, however if it has the power to do this then the positive advertising must have the potential to be as effective. Marketing helps develop children’s media literacy and critical decision making, which are necessary in adulthood. Through marketing, children learn to analyse what they are presented with and become more street wise. Positive Advertising Examples Nickelodeon: encourages physical activity, community sport participation, consumption of fresh fruit and veg Harry Potter Books marketing: nowadays massive budgets are given to book releases as well as movies – Harry Potter and Twilight books were promoted heavily and the igh sales of these books shows how successful the marketing was. Aus Kick and other community sports advertisements: advertising and sports sponsorship encourage children to participate in some form of physical exercise. Breakfast Cereals: all children’s breakfast cereals either promote healthy learning (sultana bran- fight the fuzzies) or physical activity (nutrigrain- ironman, weetbix- aus cricket team). These cereals are often sponsored by a sports team or organisation and therefore the cereals brand can be seen when watching these sports along with the primary advertising. This encourages children to value physical exercise and value their education. In 1998 3,000 children and teenagers under the age of 18 years in the United States begun smoking. Non-profit organizations and government agencies used social marketing and advertising to prevent children and youth from starting smoking. Now in 2010 the number has dropped remarkably due to advertising, which as changed the social norm. Children and young people are an interested and active consumer audience that should be acknowledged, valued and respected. Figure 2 ‘What I eat every day’ was a clear concern, with 83% considering this important. Similar studies during the late 1990s carried out by HPI for Procter and Gamble and Sunny Delight showed children far less concerned about their daily diet than they are nowadays (advertising is benefiting children). Daily diet was important across the age spectrum, with children as young as six to nine saying what they eat was important. What they eat every day was important to 81% of 14-16 year olds. Figure 6 Children understand the context and consequences of healthy eating. They were asked how they thought eating healthily could beneifit them and while fuel and growth was naturally highest scoring, they also recognized that healthy eating gives energy and promotes general well-being. They themselves talk a lot about balance; they know eating healthy eating promotes well-being as well as helping you grow. They acknowledge the need for a variety of different foods (dairy for bones, vitamins in fruit and veg) although most are unsure why. Burt. M. , 2009, Marketing to Children – An Ethical Predicament, Ethical Corporation. http://www. ethicalcorp. com/content. asp? ContentID=425 (accessed 3rd March 2010) Benady. D. , 2008, The Positive Power of Pestering, Marketing Week. Shah. A. , 2008, Children as Consumers, Global Issues, http://www. globalissues. org/article/237/children-as-consumers (accessed 10th March 2010)

Understanding Research techniques in nursing Essay

Understanding Research techniques in nursing - Essay Example In addition to that, the nominal level of measurement entails the grouping of cases into categories. On the same note, in this level of measurement, the measure of dispersion draws its basis on the frequency of the distribution which is the particular frequency of cases in each category (Fisher& Marshall, 2009). On the contrary, the other level of measurement in descriptive statistics is the ordinal level. Apparently, this level of measurement entails grouping of cases into several groups like the previous case. However, here unlike the first case, the categories have numerical hierarchies where data in this level of measurement are classified in a hierarchical manner; in other words, starting from the lowest to the highest point for instance marks (Fethney, 2010). Notably, the measures of the dispersion are similar to the nominal level of measurement but they only vary on the arrangement of the data in the groups. Evidently, the role of descriptive statistics is inevitable in the field of nursing; self-efficacy, which is the ability of a nurse to translate research into meaningful evidence in the field of healthcare (Britt, 2009). On that note, through the study of descriptive statistics, a nurse can be able to think critically and reasonably and thus better job performance (Fisher& Marshall, 2009). It is worth noting that, this particular area of study aids in the building of the thinking capacity of an individual and thus the self-efficacy. Apparently, descriptive statistics can be said to at times very persuasive since it is not a very difficult discipline to venture in as compared to other fields for instance science which may require very complex scientific experiments in order to yield a particular result (Fethney, 2010). Although descriptive statistics plays a huge clinical significance, so does the confidence intervals. On the same

Analyse different representations of Australian colonial history, and Essay

Analyse different representations of Australian colonial history, and of the suffering of Aboriginal people - Essay Example I would agree that these are admirable goals. However this is still not enough in my view. I don’t see a definition of â€Å"Reconciliation† in either speech. Actually I don’t think it can be precisely defined in this context. However, I would argue that a degree of Reconciliation is achieved when (1) both societies are economically viable and one is not excessively dependent on the other, for example for welfare benefits and medical assistance for societal problems such as alcohol and drug abuse, (2) members of one society can move into the other if they chose, feel comfortable and prosper as long as they respect cultural differences, (3) while major criminal and civil laws must be universal, those that relate only to local community customs should be allowed some variance. For example if it is acceptable in aboriginal culture to go nude in public they should be allowed to do so within their communities and this should be accepted by visitors and (4) both societ ies actually but also perceive that they benefit both economically and psychologically by remaining in a unified Australia in spite of required compromises and accommodations.

Exam questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Exam questions - Essay Example The Discounted Cash Flow ("DCF") technique is the most commonly used valuation method that accounts for the "going-concern" value of the Company. The cash flow projections are derived from (a) assumed revenue generation on product sales, less (b) operating costs and debt repayment on capital investments (not including interest payments), plus (c) an estimate of the Company's residual value at the end of the 3 to 5 year period. These projections are then discounted back to the present by the risk-adjusted, weighted-average cost of capital. This cost of capital accounts for interest payments and/or equity returns expected by investors in the Company over the projection period. Venture Capital Valuation Techniques Sophisticated investors such as VCs, institutional investors and corporate investors generally begin the valuation analysis by examining management's cash flow projections to test the underlying assumptions and business model. Once the investor has developed a certain comfort level in the projections, a variety of techniques are used to determine the percentage ownership the investor will require. Each of these methods start with the management's projections under the DCF technique, but ignore management's application of its assumed discount rate to the present in order to value the Company. Instead, the VC investor imposes its own ROI, as indicated in each of the methods described below - to meet its own investment parameters irrespective of management's analysis of the cost of capital. By applying its own ROI, the investor can then determine the percentage ownership it will require to reach this ROI assuming a certain market valuation for the Company. Where these VC valuation methods differ from the DCF method is in (a) the difference...Once the investor has developed a certain comfort level in the projections, a variety of techniques are used to determine the percentage ownership the investor will require. Each of these methods start with the management's projections under the DCF technique, but ignore management's application of its assumed discount rate to the present in order to value the Company. Instead, the VC investor imposes its own ROI, as indicated in each of the methods described below - to meet its own investment parameters irrespective of management's analysis of the cost of capital. By applying its own ROI, the investor can then determine the percentage ownership it will require to reach this ROI assuming a certain market valuation for the Company. Where these VC valuation methods differ from the DCF method is in (a) the difference in the discount rate, or ROI applied by the Company and by the investor, and (b) the use all VC methods employ of P/E ratios to determine market valuation of the Company at the end of the projection period (equivalent to the methods used under the DCF technique

Is it better for companies to have too much data or too little data Essay

Is it better for companies to have too much data or too little data Why - Essay Example The data of an organization includes all sort of information that is recorded either in paper or in computer system. The business activity is mainly depended on data and information. Documentary evidence is required for most of the important activities in a business. The size of the data requirement of an organization increases by the increase in the size of the business. â€Å"Every process uses data and almost all business rules are enforced by data† (B2T training, 2008). The rules, regulations and limitations of the business are always made in a document form. Documentary evidence is required for every activity of the business. When any relevant data is lost in the business certain activities get interrupted. This is harmful for the day to day working of the business. Therefore data maintenance is a very critical activity in a business. The data requirements of a business also differ by difference in the nature of the business being carried on by it. For example in the case of an insurance company the relationship between the company and the client is evident only from the document that is agreed upon by the client and the company. Therefore, in a large business entity data management is a separate specialized activity. The data that are used in the company are both external and internal. â€Å"Once internal data is understood, a detailed review of available external vendor data should be conducted† (Lucker, 2005). What the companies should focus on while maintaining data is that only relevant data should be maintained. Relevant data refers to the data that are required for the daily running of the business and the data that has to be maintained by the company as per the statute. But the question under discussion is that whether the companies should maintain too much or too little data. Too much data is both beneficial as well as harmful for the organization. Too much data will contain

Research a topic about an artist, an art style, a period in art Essay

Research a topic about an artist, an art style, a period in art history, a particular type of visual art - Essay Example The first artistic period that should be carefully examined as called the Blue Period. It lasted several years from 1901 to 1904 and features depressive pictured that were painted primarily using blue color. It is argued that â€Å"the Blue Period was a direct result of his friend’s death† (Walther 15). Indeed, a close friend of Picasso died and the famous painter found a way to express his grief with the help of art. The next period that one may want to explore carefully is often called the Rose Period. It lasted for two years, but it was incredibly fruitful. Just like with the previous period, the major color that dominated the majority of the paintings, but rose, but the tone of the works of art was absolutely different. It often included harlequins which is largely seen as the symbol of Picasso that he put in his paintings. The third period in his artistic development is a transitional one. Nevertheless, it was able to provide the world with fabulous masterpieces. The name for it is the Black or the African period and it lasted for three years: from 1906 to 1909. Indeed, at this time the technique of Picasso has been largely influenced by the African art, especially the masks that the African tribes created. In addition to that, it is largely regarded as the period of time when the artist developed his first understanding of cubism. The period that preceded is largely one of the most important and one of the longest ones. It lasted from 1909 to 1917 and the general term that is given to it is cubism. However, it is important note that within cubism, there have been several periods as well. At first Picasso changed the shapes of some objects while depicting the reality. Afterwards, during analytic cubism, the reality was carefully examined and presented as a mechanical aggregation of geometric shapes. Finally, the synthetic cubism often presents the object as easily recognized symbols, but in distorted order. Starting from 1917

Power Line Communication Essay Example for Free

Power Line Communication Essay The objective any mining company like TATA STEEL is to reduce the amount of energy used in mining through the increase in employee productivity and safety. Mining operations consist of several tasks. The highest efficiency can only be achieved with full coordination among the persons carrying out these tasks and if the locations of vehicles and people are known by those who coordinate the activities. In addition, the large number of risks of explosion has the potential to cause a major accident. Therefore, the establishment of a better communication system for the mine underground is very important and significant to modernize the mine management, increase the labour productivity, and strengthen the security to protect the lives and property of the mines. Present Scenario At present, cable telephone communication, power line communication, sensor communication, telecommunication, leakage communication, and radio communication are the main forms of communication in a mine. Our study shows that, a variety of mobile communication methods have their limitary application under coal mine. Some mines still use hardwired wall-mounted telephones. The disadvantage of this technology is the obvious necessity that the user cannot be mobile. To reach this person, the caller must page the person who must then go to a wall-mounted telephone that may be a long distance away and in the case of an accident the telephone may be inaccessible to the injured person. Another popular technology , Leaky Feeder technology requires a relatively stiff,hard-to-install cable, about 5/8† in diameter, to be installed everywhere where communication is desired. To communicate the user must be in line-of-sight of the cable and not more than thirty or eighty feet away from the cable. According to a survey conducted on how well current systems meet the needs for mining communication, 62 percent of Respondents replied negatively. None of them thought that mining communication needs were being met extremely well. Some of their replies- â€Å"Overall we cannot communicate well with miners.† â€Å"There is the issue of battery, phone and wiring maintenance.† â€Å"Safety in an emergency is still an issue.† As the power lines in an underground mine cover a broad area, if we can make full use of power lines to communicate, then we can completely solve the problem underground communication. The use of power lines saves the cost of additional cable and the labour cost for system installation. Furthermore, power lines are built and installed in a rugged manner. Any underground wire or cable, when fed an RF signal, tends to distribute that signal throughout its length. Carrier current systems utilize this fact to establish communication paths using existing mine wiring. Carrier current devices are basically FM radio transceivers that transmit and receive over existing mine wiring instead of using an antenna system. The LF (low-frequency) and MF (medium frequency)KP ranges propagate best in carrier current systems. A common example of a carrier current system is the trolley carrier phone systems presently used in many mines. Another example is the shaft communication systems that utilize the hoist rope itself to establish communications to and from the cage. The most modern system, based on MF, promises to be the most effective of a l l . But there are lots of complex interference noises in power line communication under mine. More recently, the maturity of wireless as an accepted medium has increased the demand for instant, reliable, portable communication. Underground mines, however, have proved resistant to wireless communication due to environmental conditions that limit the transmission of radio waves. â€Å"Mines are looking to find such a system. It would become universal over time due to safety, a decrease in down time and an increase in productivity.† This system may be further enhanced to A GPS-like (Global Positioning System) for underground mines which would serve an extremely useful function in saving energy in mining operations. Autonomous (i.e. unmanned) machinery has been a long-standing objective of the mining. This would move miners from underground mines to the surface from where they would remotely control mining operations. Extremely important is to note that such a move would allow shutting off the energy-guzzling fans, which would result in large amounts of energy savings. Economics PLC is viewed as especially attractive because of several characteristics. Electricity services in most developing countries have higher reach than telephony. In addition, PLC can provide an elegant solution for in-home access and networking, since the signal can reach virtually any outlet in the home. However, there are several important technical issues in this simple scheme. The signal attenuates as it goes over the line, with higher losses at higher frequencies. Given emission limits that restrict boosting the transmission signal, the only solution is the use of repeaters en-route, increasing the cost. Secondly, the LV transformers act as a low-pass filter, allowing electricity through with low losses but not higher frequencies. This is why most solutions rely on bypassing the distribution transformer. While an opportunity in terms of sharing capital equipment costs across users, shared infrastructures also lead to congestion, multiplexing, interference, and security concerns. To overcome these issues, PLC solutions rely on sophisticated signal processing and encoding. For PLC to be successful, it must not only operate successfully from a technology point of view, but also present a viable business case. The market space consists of not only well-entrenched alternatives like DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and cable, but also alternatives such as Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH), Fiber-To-The-Curb (FTTC), and broadband wireless. Issues of telecom, regulation and competition play a vital role in deciding the future of PLC. Depending on the number of feeders emanating from the substation, different MV couplers are needed. At every distribution transformer, a concentrator cum transformer bypass is required. This device transfers the signals to the medium-voltage line, bypassing the transformer. In addition, depending on the distances involved, repeaters might be needed to extend the signal. In addition to the one-time costs, which are amortized over specific periods, there are also explicit calculations of monthly operating costs. After thorough estimation from various sources (web and consulting some industry people) the monthly costs of PLC is found to be around US$35 per month per user. Most of the values chosen are plausible, if not optimistic. In some hazardous locations, where specialized personnel are required, installation costs have been estimated at US$200–300. On the other hand, in normal cases, the installation would be somewhat over US$100 per user . The total capital costs per consumer (excluding Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)) average about US$85 , assuming an average of 6 homes passed per LV transformer. One result that is robust across most assumption ranges is that operating expenditures are about 45% of the total costs. The most important variable, under the assumptions is the time period for paying off of the equipment. Given the fast changing nature of the telecom industry, the median value for economic purposes is assumed to be 5 years. In addition, within a region, the competitive pressures might be much lower, allowing for higher market share and greater sharing of equipment, marketing, and maintenance costs amongst subscribers. Given the estimated monthly costs of PLC it is almost clear that there is a gripping business case for PLC in the near term based on price for the end-user. Of course, economics is not the only factor in determining the success of PLC or any other broadband technology. User satisfaction, customer loyalty, branding, and competition (alternatives) are all important factors as well.